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Circadian regulation of the cardiovascular system
Nováková, Jessica ; Bendová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Galatík, František (referee)
Circadian system consist of the main circadian oscillator and the peripheral oscillators. Their function is to enable the adaptation of living organisms to the diurnal environmental changes. Circadian system regulates rhythmical expression of genes in nearly every cell of the body, thereby affecting both the physiological and behavioural processes of mammals and other animals. This bachelor's thesis summarizes a knowledge from experiments which led to the demonstration of circadian rhytms in cardiovascular system. To introduce the topic, the first discoveries of circadian rhythms in the cardiovascular system are mentioned. Then, we focus on the circadian rhythms in cardiomyocytes, vascular endothelial cells and in vascular smooth muscle cells. Another focal point of my thesis is the role of transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 15. Circadian regulation of the cardiovascular system is important for the proper function of the heart and blood vessels. Circadian disruption can cause severe pathophysiological and cardiovascular conditions, such as ventricular hypertrophy, hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction or coronary artery disease. Key words: circadian, clock genes, cardiovascular system, cardiomyocytes, vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, Krüppel-like factor...
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Regional differentiation of mortality from the most important diseases of the circulatory system in Czechia
Tvrz, Michal ; Burcin, Boris (advisor) ; Maláková, Kateřina (referee)
Regional differentiation of mortality from the most important diseases of the circulatory system in Czechia Abstract The objective of this thesis is to describe and evaluate, for Czechia at both the national and regional level and in the time frame of 1997-2017, the main developmental trends in male and female mortality from the diseases of the circulatory system as a whole and its most important individual diagnoses. The results of the analysis confirmed that the diseases of the circulatory system were the most common cause of death for men and women both at the national and regional levels throughout the period under review. Nevertheless, there was a significant reduction of mortality rates for the diseases in question in both sexes, especially in the case of ischaemic heart diseases, cerebrovascular diseases and atherosclerosis. In contrast, mortality from hypertensive diseases and other forms of heart disease increased in both sexes. Mortality from cardiovascular diseases in districts largely followed the trends from the national level. For the selected causes of death, the patterns of the regional distribution of the values of the standardized mortality rates were (during the observed years) largely similar for both sexes. Overall, mortality rate for the group of cardiovascular diseases decreased in...
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Effects of temperature extremes on hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases
Urban, Aleš ; Kyselý, Jan (advisor) ; Huth, Radan (referee)
Faculty of Sicence, Charles University Aleš Urban, Praha 2012 Effects of temperature extremes on hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases The thesis compares differences in the impacts of warm and cold days on both excess mortality and hospitalizations for individual cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in Prague and a selected rural region (southern Bohemia - JČ) consisting of the Jihočeský kraj and Vysočina districts in the period 1994- 2009. Population size and age structure are similar in the two regions. The differences are compared between selected population groups (men and women; < 65 and 65+ years). Value of the 90% (10%) percentile of daily mean air temperature in summer (winter) during the period were used for the definition of warm (cold) days for each region separately. The excess mortality and hospitalizations were determined as the difference from standardized daily counts of death and hospital admissions, adjusted for epidemics of influenza/acute respiratory infections, long-term changes, and for annual and weekly cycles of mortality and hospitalizations. Generally higher relative excess CVD mortality on warm days was identified in Prague, while for cold days we found higher excess mortality in south Bohemia. In contrast to mortality, weak excess CVD hospitalizations were observed for both...
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